Symbol Counter

Symbol Counter: Symbol Counter - A counter is a simple device used for counting. There are different types of counters. There are up-counters (that only count up 1, 2, 3 ...).…

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Bolometer

Bolometer: Bolometric measurements are based on the dissipation of RF power in a small temperature sensitive resistive element, called a Bolometer. This bolometer may be a short ultra thin wire…

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Precision Frequency Standard

Precision Frequency Standard: Most high precision frequency standard in use utilise a geometric transverse (GT) cut quartz crystal as the frequency controlling resonant elements having changes in frequency of less…

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Modem Definition

Modem Definition: The term Modem Definition is an acronym for modulator-demodulator. The primary modem function is to convert digital data into an analog form which is suitable for transmission on…

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Delta Modulation

Delta Modulation(DM): Delta modulation(DM) is process of modulation in which train of fixed width pulses is transmitted. Their polarity indicates whether the demodulator output should rise or fall at each…

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Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse Code Modulation(PCM): Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) is different from the other forms of pulse modulation studied so far, PCM also uses sampling techniques, but it differs from the others in…

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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation(PWM): Pulse width modulation of PTM is also often called Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM). In this system, shown in Fig. 18.8, we have a fixed amplitude and starting…

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Pulse Time Modulation

Pulse Time Modulation(PTM): In Pulse Time Modulation the signal is sampled in the same way as in PAM, but the pulses indicating instantaneous sample amplitudes have a constant amplitude themselves.…

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