Wideband Antenna Types

Wideband Antenna Types: It is often desirable to have an antenna capable of operating over a wide frequency range. This may occur because a number of widely spaced channels are…

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Radiation and Propagation of Waves Articles

Radiation and Propagation of Waves Articles: Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves: Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves are energy propagated through free space at the velocity of light, which is approximately 300 meters…

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Extraterrestrial Communications

Extraterrestrial Communications: Extraterrestrial Communications : The most recent, and by far the fastest-growing, field of communications involves the use of various satellite relays, of which the first was launched in…

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Sky Wave Propagation Frequency Range

Sky Wave Propagation Frequency Range: Sky Wave Propagation Frequency Range is the  ionosphere is the upper portion of the atmosphere, which absorbs large quantities of radiant energy from the sun,…

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Double Stub Matching

Double Stub Matching: If a transmission-line matching device is to be useful in a range of different matching situations, it must have as many variable parameters, or degrees of freedom,…

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Smith Chart for Transmission Line

Smith Chart for Transmission Line: The various properties of transmission lines may be represented graphically on any of a large number of charts. The most useful representations are those that…

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Indirect Synthesizer

Indirect Synthesizer: Indirect Synthesizer: The required frequency range in most synthesizers nowadays is obtained from a variable voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), whose output is corrected by comparison with that of a…

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Automatic Frequency Control Block Diagram

Automatic Frequency Control Block Diagram: Automatic frequency control: As previously we see, the heart of an AFC circuit is a frequency-sensitive device, such as the phase discriminator, which produces a…

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