Average Responding Voltmeter and Peak Responding Voltmeter: A simplified version of a circuit used in a typical average responding voltmeter is given in Fig. 4.23. The applied waveform is amplified…
Transistor Voltmeter (TVM): Transistor Voltmeter - Direct coupled amplifiers are economical and hence used widely in general purpose low priced VTVM' s. Figure 4.9 gives a simplified schematic diagram of…
Structure of Liquid Vapour Display (LVD): Liquid Vapour Display (LVD) are the latest in economical display technology. They employ a new reflective passive display principle and depend on the presence…
Voltage Stability Analysis: The voltage stability analysis for a given system state involves examining following two aspects. Proximity to voltage instability: Distance to instability may be measured in terms of…
Types of Facts Controllers in Power System: The development of FACTS controllers has followed two different approaches. The first approach employs reactive impedances or a tap changing transformer with thyristor…
What is Series Compensation in Power System?: Series Compensation - A capacitor in series with a line gives control over the effective reactance between line ends. This effective reactance is…
Application of State Estimation in Power System: Application of State Estimation in Power System - In real-time environment the state estimator consists of different modules such as network topology processor,…
Bad Data Detection in State Estimation of Power System: The ability to identify Bad Data Detection in State Estimation measurements is extremely valuable to a load dispatch centre. One or…