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Electronic Relays

Electronic Relays: Electronic Relays - These were the first to be developed in the series of static relays. They date back to early 1928 when Fitzgerald presented a carrier current…

Static Relays Basics and Classification

Static Relays Basics and Classification: A Static Relays Basics refers to a relay in which the measurement or comparison of electrical quantities is done in a static network which is…

Phase Comparison Carrier Protection

Phase Comparison Carrier Protection: The phase comparison pilot-relaying operates on the principle of comparing the phase position of the currents at the two ends of the protected section. The Phase…

Distance Protection by Reactance Relays

Distance Protection by Reactance Relays: Like impedance relays, Distance Protection by Reactance Relays are also amplitude comparators and thus require an additional directional unit. Although the performance of reactance relays…

Distance Relays Types

Distance Relays Types and their Applications: In applying relays to a transmission system it is necessary to state the relay characteristic in the same terms that the system conditions are…

Voltage Level Detectors

Voltage Level Detectors: Voltage Level Detectors - Operational amplifiers are often used in circuits in which the output is switched between the positive and negative saturation voltages, +Vo(sat) and -+Vo(sat). The…

Current Regulated Voltage Source Inverter

Current Regulated Voltage Source Inverter: Current Regulated Voltage Source Inverter operates with current controlled PWM. In current controlled pulse-width modulation, machine phase current is made to follow a sinusoidal reference…

Receiver Types

Receiver Types: There are Two Receiver Types namely, Pilot Carrier Receiver and a Suppressed Carrier Receiver; the suppressed carrier receiver incorporates a frequency synthesizer for extra stability and also is…