Measurement of Electrical Quantities: Measurement of electrical quantities which includes Measurement of Voltage Measurement of Current Frequency Measurement Phase-Angle Measurement Power-Factor Measurement Impedance Measurement VA Measurement Power Measurement VAR Measurement…
Basic Elements of Static Relay: The basic elements of a static relay are namely, Input Element: Mixing circuits are needed to sum the input signals in a convenient form. Semiconductor…
Static Relays Basics and Classification: A Static Relays Basics refers to a relay in which the measurement or comparison of electrical quantities is done in a static network which is…
Phase Comparison Carrier Protection: The phase comparison pilot-relaying operates on the principle of comparing the phase position of the currents at the two ends of the protected section. The Phase…
Output Current Limiting: Because the output transistors can be destroyed by excessive current flow, output current limiting circuits are often included in a power amplifier. Figure 18-27 shows the typical…
Biasing Bipolar Op Amp Circuit: Biasing Bipolar Op Amp Circuit - Like other electronic devices, operational amplifiers must be correctly biased if they are to function properly. As already discussed,…
Emitter Current Feedback Circuit: Emitter Current Feedback Circuit is produced by connecting an unbypassed resistor in series with the emitter terminal of a transistor, as shown in Fig. 13-24(a). The…
Direct Coupled Circuits: For economy, the number of components used in any circuit should be kept to a minimum. The use of direct coupling between stages is one way of…