Ruby Maser: As was know ferrites of certain materials have atomic systems that can be made to resonate magnetically at frequencies dependent on the atomic structure of the material and…

Gunn Diode Working Principle: A practical Gunn Diode Working Principle consists of a slice like the one shown in Figure 12-24, sometimes with a buffer layer between the active layer…

Frequency Multiplier Circuit: A typical Frequency Multiplier Circuit chain is shown in Figure 12-11, The first stage is a transistor crystal oscillator, operating in the VHF region, and this is…

Varactor Diode Operation and Characteristics: Varactor Diode Operation and Characteristics were first used in the early 1950s as simple voltage-variable capacitance and later for frequency modulation of oscillators. They thus…

Microwave Transistors: Silicon bipolar transistors were first on the microwave scene, followed by GaAs field-effect transistors. Indeed, FETs now have noticeably lower noise figures, and in the C band and…

Trapatt Diode Construction and Working: The Trapatt Diode Construction and Working is derived from and closely related to the IMPATT diode. Indeed, as pointed out near the beginning of this…