Need of Modulation in Communication System: Until the process of superimposing a low-frequency (long-wave) voice information component on a high-frequency (short-wave) carrier signal was perfected, the most widely used form…
Structure of Power System of Energy Electric System: An Structure of Power System, even the smallest one, constitutes an electric network of vast complexity. The one factor that determines the…
Structure of U.S. Electric Utility Industry: As noted from Fig. 1-1 the U.S. electric energy or power industry, more commonly known as the electric utility industry, is made up of…
Distributed Control System: Distributed Control System - Since the beginning of process control in late 1970s, it has made great progress in every control activity. Similar to the other electronic…
PLC Basic Process: A PLC Basic Process is basically made up of the following sections, each of which has a unique function to perform in its operation. The sections are:…
Bolometer: Bolometric measurements are based on the dissipation of RF power in a small temperature sensitive resistive element, called a Bolometer. This bolometer may be a short ultra thin wire…
Primary Standard: Primary Standard - One arrangement is a carefully designed quartz crystal oscillator operating in the range 50 to 100 kHz, having a low temperature coefficient, constant amplitude output…
Pulse Time Modulation(PTM): In Pulse Time Modulation the signal is sampled in the same way as in PAM, but the pulses indicating instantaneous sample amplitudes have a constant amplitude themselves.…